Which Progressive Insurance Is Full Coverage? (w/Examples) + FAQs

No single Progressive insurance policy is officially called “full coverage.” The term “full coverage” is an informal phrase that typically refers to a combination of liability insurance, comprehensive coverage, and collision coverage, plus any other coverages your state requires. Progressive does not offer a standalone product labeled “full coverage” because the phrase is misleading and does not provide complete protection in every possible scenario.

The Insurance Information Institute does not recognize “full coverage” as an official insurance term. Instead, drivers must select specific coverage types based on their state’s legal requirements, their lender’s demands, and their personal risk tolerance. When someone asks for “full coverage” at Progressive, they typically mean a policy that includes bodily injury liability, property damage liability, comprehensive coverage, and collision coverage—but this package still leaves significant gaps in protection.

According to recent data from the Insurance Research Council, one in three drivers (33.4 percent) in the United States is either uninsured or underinsured as of 2023. This represents a 10 percentage point increase in the combined rate since 2017. The average cost of car insurance with Progressive for a liability-only policy ranges from $87.56 per month in low-cost states to $165.02 per month in high-cost states for a six-month policy in 2024-2025.

What You’ll Learn in This Article

🚗 The exact coverage types that make up “full coverage” at Progressive and why the term is misleading, including the specific protections each coverage provides and the critical gaps that remain

💰 How to calculate the right coverage amounts for your situation using state minimums, the 100/300/100 rule, and multiplier methods to protect your assets from lawsuits

📋 The three most common scenarios where drivers discover their “full coverage” doesn’t cover what they thought it would, potentially leaving them with thousands in out-of-pocket expenses

⚠️ Five critical mistakes that can void your coverage or leave you underinsured, including excluded drivers, lapsed policies, and misunderstanding deductibles

✅ Progressive’s unique features like the Deductible Savings Bank that can reduce your deductible to $0 and loan/lease payoff coverage that protects you from negative equity

Every state except New Hampshire and Virginia mandates that drivers carry minimum liability insurance before operating a vehicle on public roads. These requirements exist under state financial responsibility laws, which establish that drivers must prove they can pay for damages they cause to others. The National Conference of Insurance Legislators establishes model regulations that states adapt to their specific needs.

In most states, the minimum liability coverage follows a three-number format such as 25/50/25. The first number represents the maximum amount in thousands of dollars that your insurance will pay per person for bodily injuries. The second number indicates the maximum per accident for all bodily injuries combined. The third number shows the maximum for property damage per accident.

For example, if your state requires 25/50/25 coverage and you cause an accident that injures three people with $30,000 in medical bills each, your insurance will only pay $25,000 per person, leaving you personally liable for the remaining $15,000 total. If the total medical bills reach $60,000, your policy’s $50,000 per-accident limit means you must pay $10,000 out of pocket. This demonstrates why state minimums often provide inadequate protection.

According to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, your car insurance does not cover general maintenance expenses, mechanical failures, or normal wear and tear. These exclusions exist because insurance is designed to protect against sudden, unexpected losses rather than predictable deterioration. When drivers assume they have “full coverage,” they often mistakenly believe their policy covers all possible vehicle-related expenses.

The Core Components of Progressive “Full Coverage”

Liability Coverage: The Foundation

Liability insurance is mandatory in 49 states and consists of two distinct parts: bodily injury liability and property damage liability. Bodily injury liability covers medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and legal fees when you injure someone in an accident you cause. Property damage liability pays for repairs to other vehicles, buildings, fences, or any property you damage.

Progressive offers liability limits starting at state minimums and extending to much higher amounts. Common liability options include 50/100/50, 100/300/100, 250/500/250, or combined single limits of 300,000 to 500,000. A combined single limit policy pays up to one total amount for all damages per accident, rather than separating per-person and per-accident limits.

The consequences of inadequate liability coverage can be financially devastating. According to research from Russell & Lazarus APC, only 40 percent of drivers carry adequate insurance coverage. When an at-fault driver lacks sufficient liability limits, the injured party can pursue a personal lawsuit to recover additional damages. This can result in wage garnishment, property liens, and asset seizure.

A recent study shows the average bodily injury claim nationwide is approximately $23,900, while property damage claims average around $5,700. However, serious accidents regularly exceed these amounts. A single hospitalization for major injuries can easily cost $100,000 or more, and permanent disabilities or wrongful death claims frequently reach into millions of dollars.

Comprehensive Coverage: Protection from Non-Collision Events

Comprehensive coverage pays for damage to your vehicle caused by events outside your control that do not involve colliding with another vehicle or object. Progressive’s comprehensive coverage protects against theft, vandalism, fire, hail, floods, falling objects, animal strikes, and civil disturbances like riots.

When you add comprehensive coverage to your Progressive policy, you select a deductible amount—the portion you pay out of pocket before insurance pays the rest. Common deductible options include $100, $250, $500, $1,000, and $2,000. According to multiple sources, including State Farm and Liberty Mutual, the most common deductible is $500, representing the balance between affordable premiums and manageable out-of-pocket costs.

Here’s how comprehensive coverage works in practice: If you hit a deer and cause $2,500 in damage to your front bumper and windshield, and you have a $250 deductible, Progressive pays $2,250 while you pay $250. If someone steals your car and it’s never recovered, comprehensive coverage pays the actual cash value of your vehicle minus your deductible.

Progressive’s comprehensive coverage includes a unique feature called the Deductible Savings Bank. When you remain claim-free and violation-free for a full policy period (typically six months), Progressive reduces your comprehensive and collision deductibles by $50. This reduction continues with each clean policy period until your deductibles reach $0, though the deductibles reset to the original amount if you file a claim.

Comprehensive coverage is not legally required by any state government. However, if you lease or finance your vehicle, your lender almost certainly requires it as part of the loan or lease agreement. This requirement exists because the lender technically owns the vehicle until you complete your payments, and they want protection for their investment.

Collision Coverage: Repairing Your Vehicle After Crashes

Collision coverage pays to repair or replace your vehicle when you collide with another vehicle, hit a stationary object like a tree or pole, or your car rolls over or overturns. According to Progressive’s collision coverage page, this coverage applies regardless of who caused the accident, providing crucial protection when you’re at fault.

Like comprehensive coverage, collision requires you to choose a deductible. The same deductible amounts apply ($100-$2,000), and the $500 deductible remains most common. Progressive reports that adding collision coverage costs an average of $32 per month, making it relatively affordable considering the protection it provides.

The key distinction between collision and comprehensive is the cause of damage. Collision covers crashes with vehicles or objects, while comprehensive covers “everything else.” If you’re confused about which coverage applies to a specific situation, remember this simple rule: if your car was moving and hit something (or something moving hit you), it’s collision; if damage occurred without a collision, it’s comprehensive.

Collision coverage includes one unique benefit at Progressive: pet injury coverage up to $1,000. If your pet is injured while riding in your vehicle during a covered collision, Progressive can help pay for veterinary bills. This feature sets Progressive apart from many competitors who don’t offer pet coverage.

Just like comprehensive, collision coverage is optional under state law but typically required by lenders and leasing companies. Financial institutions mandate this coverage because accidents are the most common cause of vehicle damage, and without collision coverage, a totaled vehicle could leave the lender unable to recover their loan balance.

The Missing Pieces in Traditional “Full Coverage”

Even when you combine liability, comprehensive, and collision—the traditional definition of “full coverage”—significant protection gaps remain. According to legal experts at Fasig Brooks, many insurance companies tell customers they have “full coverage” when they only carry these three basic coverages, without disclosing the important optional coverages that aren’t included.

These missing coverages can expose you to severe financial hardship:

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage protects you when a driver with no insurance or insufficient insurance hits you. With 15.4 percent of drivers completely uninsured according to the Insurance Research Council, and 33.4 percent either uninsured or underinsured as of 2023, this coverage is critical. Yet it’s not automatically included in “full coverage” packages.

Medical Payments or Personal Injury Protection covers your own medical bills and those of your passengers, regardless of fault. Traditional “full coverage” with only liability, comprehensive, and collision provides zero coverage for your own medical expenses if you cause an accident. You could face tens of thousands in hospital bills with no insurance assistance.

Gap Insurance (or Progressive’s Loan/Lease Payoff Coverage) pays the difference between what you owe on your vehicle and its actual cash value if it’s totaled. Without this coverage, you could owe thousands on a car you no longer own.

Rental Reimbursement pays for a rental car while your vehicle is being repaired. Without this coverage, you’ll pay $40-100 per day out of pocket for transportation.

Roadside Assistance provides towing, lockout services, tire changes, and battery jump-starts. This isn’t included in traditional “full coverage” and must be added separately.

State-Specific Requirements and Variations

No-Fault States and Personal Injury Protection

Twelve states operate under “no-fault” insurance systems where drivers must carry Personal Injury Protection (PIP) coverage. According to research from Prestizia Insurance, these mandatory PIP states include Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and Utah.

In no-fault states, each driver’s own PIP coverage pays for their medical expenses, lost wages, and sometimes other costs regardless of who caused the accident. This system exists to reduce lawsuits and speed up compensation for injured parties. However, it also restricts your ability to sue at-fault drivers except in cases of severe injuries that meet specific thresholds.

PIP coverage differs significantly from Medical Payments coverage. According to Hann Law Firm, PIP offers coverage of up to $250,000 in some states, while Medical Payments (MedPay) typically maxes out at $10,000. PIP covers medical care, 80 percent of lost wages, essential services like childcare and lawn care, and funeral expenses. MedPay only covers medical bills and funeral expenses.

Another critical difference involves subrogation rights. MedPay is subject to subrogation, meaning if you collect from the at-fault driver’s insurance later, you must repay your insurance company. PIP does not have subrogation rights, so you keep any additional settlements without repaying your insurer.

Florida presents a unique situation. Under Florida’s insurance laws, drivers must carry only $10,000 in PIP and $10,000 in property damage liability. Bodily injury liability is not required. This minimal requirement leaves Florida drivers extremely vulnerable. If you cause an accident with serious injuries, you could face a lawsuit for hundreds of thousands in damages with zero insurance protection.

State Minimum Coverage Requirements Table

Here are examples of how state requirements vary significantly:

StateBodily Injury LiabilityProperty Damage LiabilityAdditional Requirements
California$15,000/$30,000$5,000None
FloridaNot required$10,000$10,000 PIP
New York$25,000/$50,000$10,000$25,000/$50,000 UM, $50,000 PIP
Texas$30,000/$60,000$25,000PIP must be offered
Michigan$50,000/$100,000$10,000PIP (various limits available)
Virginia$50,000/$100,000$25,000$50,000/$100,000 UM

Source: National Association of Insurance Commissioners

These variations mean that “full coverage” looks completely different depending on where you live. A driver in Florida with the traditional liability-comprehensive-collision package lacks bodily injury liability entirely, while a New York driver must include substantial uninsured motorist and PIP coverage to comply with state law.

The Choice No-Fault States

Three states—Kentucky, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania—offer drivers a choice between limited tort and full tort options. In limited tort systems, you accept restrictions on your right to sue for non-economic damages like pain and suffering in exchange for lower premiums. Full tort preserves your right to sue for all damages but costs more.

According to the Pennsylvania comparative analysis, choosing limited tort can reduce premiums by 15-30 percent. However, if you suffer serious injuries in an accident, the savings vanish quickly when you’re unable to recover compensation for pain, suffering, and diminished quality of life.

This choice represents a critical decision point that many drivers rush through without understanding the consequences. Insurance agents often emphasize the immediate cost savings without thoroughly explaining the long-term risks. If you select limited tort and later suffer a permanent disability in a car accident, you may be unable to sue for the hundreds of thousands in non-economic damages you deserve.

Progressive’s Additional Coverage Options

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage

Uninsured Motorist (UM) coverage and Underinsured Motorist (UIM) coverage protect you when another driver cannot pay for the damages they cause. According to Progressive’s explanation, these coverages can include up to four separate components depending on your state:

Uninsured Motorist Bodily Injury (UMBI) pays for your medical bills and those of your passengers when an uninsured driver hits you. Uninsured Motorist Property Damage (UMPD) covers damage to your vehicle and other property. Underinsured Motorist Bodily Injury (UIMBI) pays the difference when an at-fault driver has insurance but not enough to cover your injuries. Underinsured Motorist Property Damage (UIMPD) similarly covers property damage shortfalls.

Around half of all states require at least one form of UM/UIM coverage. Even in states where it’s optional, this coverage is crucial given the high percentage of inadequately insured drivers on the road. When an uninsured driver causes an accident, your only options without UM/UIM coverage are to sue the driver personally (often futile if they cannot afford insurance) or pay your own expenses.

One significant advantage of UM/UIM coverage is that it typically covers you as a driver, passenger, pedestrian, or bicyclist. According to legal experts at Lambert & Good Now, this coverage generally extends to all family members who are residents of your household. It may even cover you if you’re hit by an at-fault hit-and-run driver in many states.

Some states, including Virginia, allow “stacking” of UM/UIM coverage. According to Huffman & Huffman, stacking means you can combine your own coverage limits with those of the at-fault driver’s insurance. For example, if both you and the negligent driver have $50,000 in coverage, stacking allows you to potentially receive up to $100,000 for the same accident. This significantly increases your available compensation.

Loan/Lease Payoff Coverage vs. Traditional Gap Insurance

New vehicles depreciate rapidly, losing significant value the moment you drive them off the dealership lot. According to Kelley Blue Book research, new cars lose roughly 30 percent of their value in the first two years of ownership. Studies by Experian show new cars lose an average of 16 percent in value during the first year alone, another 12 percent during the second year, and by the end of year five, vehicles retain just 45 percent of their original value.

This rapid depreciation creates a dangerous financial gap. If you finance a $35,000 vehicle with 10 percent down and it’s totaled six months later, your loan balance might be $30,000, but the vehicle’s actual cash value could be only $25,000. You would owe your lender $5,000 for a car you no longer own—unless you have gap coverage.

Progressive offers Loan/Lease Payoff Coverage, which works similarly to traditional gap insurance but with important differences. According to Progressive’s explanation, loan/lease payoff coverage pays the difference between your vehicle’s actual cash value and what you owe on your loan or lease, up to 25 percent of the vehicle’s value (exact limits vary by state).

Here’s a practical example: Your vehicle is worth $12,000 and is totaled in an accident, but you owe $14,000 on your loan. Your collision coverage pays $12,000 (minus your deductible), while your loan/lease coverage pays the $2,000 difference to help cover your remaining loan balance. Without this coverage, you must come up with $2,000 out of pocket while also needing to purchase a new vehicle.

Traditional gap insurance, often sold by dealerships, typically costs $500-700 as a one-time fee added to your loan. In contrast, Progressive’s loan/lease payoff coverage costs just a few dollars per month and can be canceled once you no longer need it. However, the dealership gap insurance may have higher limits and cover additional charges like excess mileage fees that Progressive’s version does not.

One critical limitation of Progressive’s loan/lease payoff coverage: it does not cover additional charges related to your loan or lease, such as finance charges, late fees, excess mileage fees, or security deposits. According to Progressive’s gap insurance FAQ, you must keep making your loan or lease payments until you receive your settlement check, and the coverage limit of 25 percent of your vehicle’s value may not be sufficient if you’re significantly upside-down on your loan.

Medical Payments Coverage (MedPay)

Medical Payments coverage pays for medical expenses for you and your passengers after an accident, regardless of who caused it. According to Progressive’s comparison, MedPay generally covers ambulance fees, emergency room costs, x-rays and MRIs, hospital fees, home nursing care, and funeral, burial, or cremation costs.

MedPay fills an important gap that many drivers don’t recognize. If you cause an accident and injure yourself, your liability coverage pays nothing for your own medical bills—it only covers people you injure. Without MedPay or PIP, you must rely entirely on your health insurance, which may have high deductibles, copays, and coverage limits.

The typical MedPay limits range from $1,000 to $10,000 per person. This coverage is relatively inexpensive, often costing just $5-15 per month, because it has low limits and covers only medical expenses. Unlike PIP, MedPay does not cover lost wages, essential services, or provide death benefits beyond funeral costs.

One significant disadvantage of MedPay is subrogation. According to legal analysis from Sutliff & Stout, if you collect from the at-fault driver’s insurance later, you must repay your MedPay insurance company. This subrogation requirement can significantly reduce your final settlement. PIP coverage does not have this drawback.

Rental Reimbursement Coverage

After a covered accident damages your vehicle, you need transportation while repairs are completed. Progressive’s Rental Reimbursement Coverage pays for rental car fees up to your policy limits after a covered accident damages or totals your vehicle.

Progressive typically reimburses rental car fees for 30 or 45 days at a daily limit of $40-70 per day, depending on your policy. You can adjust your reimbursement amount by logging into your policy or calling Progressive. For example, if your insurer offers a daily limit of $50 per day and a total limit of $1,500 per claim, Progressive will reimburse you up to $50 daily for your rental car up to the total coverage cap of $1,500.

It’s important to understand that your insurer only covers the cost of a rental car up to your policy limits. Progressive advises against renting exotic or luxury cars, as the coverage usually excludes fuel costs, security deposits, and any additional rental car insurance you purchase from the rental company.

According to a Reddit discussion from Progressive insurance customers, rental reimbursement coverage for two cars costs approximately $34 for six months, making it extremely affordable at less than $6 per month. Given that rental cars typically cost $40-100 per day, even a few days of repairs can exceed the entire annual cost of this coverage.

One crucial timing consideration: you can add rental reimbursement coverage to your policy at any time, but Progressive states it typically takes 30 days for the coverage to take effect. This means you cannot add it after an accident has already occurred and expect it to apply to that claim.

Roadside Assistance Coverage

Progressive offers roadside assistance coverage that provides towing, lockout services, flat tire changes, battery jump-starts, and fuel delivery. This coverage operates 24/7/365 and includes help if your vehicle becomes stuck or disabled.

However, a common debate exists about whether to purchase roadside assistance through your insurance company or get AAA membership instead. According to a Reddit discussion comparing the two, Progressive uses Agero as their roadside assistance provider, and the quality of service is “hit or miss.” Several users reported better experiences with AAA, particularly for complex situations like towing from parking garages.

One critical difference: some insurance companies count roadside assistance claims against you when calculating future premiums, though Progressive representatives claim they don’t charge for tow claims. In contrast, AAA does not report service calls as claims to insurance companies at all. Additionally, AAA membership includes thousands of discounts on hotels, restaurants, shopping, and entertainment, while Progressive offers no similar benefits with roadside assistance.

According to Bankrate’s comparison, AAA Classic membership costs around $60-80 per year and includes four towing calls, whereas Progressive’s roadside assistance costs vary by state but are typically built into your premium. If you drive older vehicles or travel frequently, AAA’s additional services may provide better value.

Three Common Scenarios Where “Full Coverage” Falls Short

Scenario 1: The New Car Total Loss

Sarah purchases a brand-new SUV for $45,000 with $3,000 down and finances $42,000 at 6 percent interest over 72 months. She secures “full coverage” from Progressive including liability (50/100/50), comprehensive ($500 deductible), and collision ($500 deductible). Six months later, another driver runs a red light and totals her SUV.

EventFinancial Impact
Loan balance at time of accident$40,800 remaining
Actual cash value of 6-month-old SUV (after 16% depreciation)$37,800
Progressive collision coverage payout$37,300 ($37,800 minus $500 deductible)
Amount Sarah owes out-of-pocket$3,500 to lender

Sarah is shocked to discover she must pay $3,500 to her lender for a vehicle she no longer owns, plus she needs to finance or pay cash for a replacement vehicle. This negative equity situation could have been prevented with Progressive’s loan/lease payoff coverage, which would have paid up to 25 percent of the vehicle’s value (up to $9,450) to cover the gap.

This scenario affects millions of American drivers. Given that new cars lose 30 percent of their value in the first two years and most car loans stretch 5-7 years, many drivers owe more than their vehicles are worth for the first 3-4 years of ownership.

Scenario 2: The Underinsured Motorist Accident

Michael has “full coverage” with Progressive: 100/300/100 liability, comprehensive, and collision. He’s proud that he carries coverage well above his state’s 25/50/25 minimum. While stopped at a traffic light, a distracted driver rear-ends him at 45 mph, causing severe back injuries requiring two surgeries, six months of physical therapy, and eight months off work.

Expense CategoryAmount
Medical bills (surgeries, hospital, therapy)$180,000
Lost wages (8 months at $75,000/year salary)$50,000
Pain and suffering (conservative 3x multiplier)$135,000
Total damages$365,000
At-fault driver’s liability coverage$25,000
Amount Michael cannot recover$340,000

Michael’s own “full coverage” provides zero compensation for his injuries because he caused no damage to anyone else—his liability coverage only covers people he injures. He lacks uninsured/underinsured motorist bodily injury coverage, which would have paid up to his policy limits ($100,000 per person) to cover the shortfall. Without it, his only option is suing the at-fault driver personally, who likely has no assets or he would have carried higher liability limits.

According to research showing 33.4 percent of drivers are either uninsured or underinsured, Michael’s situation is far from rare. The underinsured motorist rate has increased dramatically since 2020, making this coverage increasingly critical.

Scenario 3: The Business Use Exclusion

Jennifer uses her personal vehicle for her side business delivering groceries through Instacart three evenings per week. She carries “full coverage” with Progressive, assuming she’s protected no matter what. One evening while making a delivery, she causes an accident that damages another vehicle ($12,000) and injures the other driver ($35,000 in medical bills).

OutcomeExplanation
Progressive denies entire claimPersonal auto policies exclude commercial use
Jennifer owes other driver personally$47,000 total damages
Jennifer’s insurance rates increase anywayAccident appears on driving record
Potential legal consequencesDriving without proper insurance

Jennifer’s “full coverage” provides absolutely zero protection because she was using her personal vehicle for business purposes. According to common exclusions research, most personal auto insurance policies exclude coverage for accidents that occur while driving for rideshare services like Uber or Lyft, or delivery services like DoorDash, Instacart, or Grubhub.

The solution requires either purchasing commercial auto insurance or obtaining a rideshare/delivery endorsement on a personal policy. These endorsements typically cost $10-30 per month but provide crucial protection. Many gig workers skip this coverage to save money, not realizing they’re completely uninsured during business operations.

Calculating the Right Coverage Amounts

The 100/300/100 Rule and Beyond

Insurance professionals frequently recommend the 100/300/100 rule as a baseline for liability coverage: $100,000 per person for bodily injury, $300,000 per accident for bodily injury, and $100,000 for property damage. This recommendation exists because state minimum requirements provide dangerously inadequate protection.

However, even 100/300/100 may be insufficient depending on your personal financial situation. According to insurance experts quoted in Reddit discussions, drivers with significant assets should consider 250/500/250 or even higher limits. The marginal cost to increase coverage from 50/100/50 to 100/300/100 is typically modest—perhaps $10-30 per month—while doubling your protection.

For comprehensive asset protection, many financial planners recommend purchasing an umbrella policy that provides $1-2 million in additional liability coverage across all your insurance policies (home, auto, etc.). Umbrella policies are remarkably affordable, typically costing $150-300 annually for $1 million in coverage, because they only activate after your underlying policies are exhausted.

Asset-Based Coverage Calculation

A better approach to determining appropriate coverage amounts involves calculating your total assets that could be at risk in a lawsuit:

Your Net Worth = Home Equity + Retirement Accounts + Savings/Investments + Vehicle Value + Other Assets

According to legal precedent in most states, retirement accounts and the equity in your primary residence up to certain limits may be protected from judgments. However, savings accounts, investment accounts, vacation properties, and future earnings all remain vulnerable. If your at-risk assets total $500,000, your liability coverage should be at least that amount to protect against lawsuits.

One critical consideration that many drivers overlook: your future earning potential also factors into the equation. If you’re 35 years old earning $80,000 annually and expect to work for 30 more years, your future earnings total $2.4 million (before factoring in raises). While courts cannot garnish all your future wages, they can typically take a percentage for many years. This risk suggests carrying liability limits in the $500,000 to $1 million range plus an umbrella policy.

The Income Replacement Approach for UM/UIM

When determining how much uninsured/underinsured motorist bodily injury coverage to purchase, consider your income replacement needs. If you’re the primary breadwinner for your family and a serious accident prevents you from working, UM/UIM coverage provides compensation for lost wages when an inadequately insured driver injures you.

Calculate your annual income multiplied by the number of years until retirement, then divide by half to account for the present value of future earnings. For example, if you earn $75,000 annually and have 25 years until retirement, your total future earnings are $1.875 million. The present value might be approximately $940,000. This calculation suggests carrying UM/UIM coverage of at least $500,000 to $1 million to replace a substantial portion of lost earning capacity in the event of permanent disability.

Common Mistakes That Void or Reduce Coverage

Mistake 1: Excluded Drivers

Many drivers attempt to reduce their premiums by excluding high-risk household members from their policies. Progressive and other insurers allow you to formally exclude specific drivers, meaning that person is completely barred from driving your vehicle and has zero coverage if they do.

The critical mistake occurs when an excluded driver uses your vehicle anyway—perhaps during an emergency or when they assume “full coverage” means everyone is covered. According to insurance exclusion research, if an excluded driver causes an accident while operating your vehicle, your insurance company will deny the entire claim. You become personally liable for all damages.

Some states prohibit named driver exclusions entirely, recognizing the danger they create. In states that allow exclusions, you must take extraordinary measures to ensure excluded drivers never access your vehicle keys. This often proves impractical for household members, making the exclusion a dangerous cost-saving measure that provides no actual savings if an accident occurs.

Mistake 2: Letting Your Policy Lapse

When insurance becomes unaffordable, some drivers let their policies lapse intentionally, while others miss payments accidentally. Either way, driving with a lapsed policy carries severe consequences. According to common exclusions, if your policy lapses due to non-payment, any accidents during that period will not be covered.

Beyond the immediate lack of coverage, policy lapses create long-term problems. Insurers view coverage gaps as high-risk indicators, resulting in significantly increased premiums when you reinstate coverage. A 30-day lapse can increase your rates by 10-20 percent. Longer lapses may result in being placed in high-risk insurance pools with premiums two to three times higher than standard rates.

Many states suspend your vehicle registration and driver’s license for insurance lapses. Getting these reinstated requires proof of insurance, payment of reinstatement fees ($150-500), and sometimes filing an SR-22 form demonstrating financial responsibility. This SR-22 requirement typically lasts three years and significantly increases insurance costs.

Mistake 3: Misunderstanding Your Deductible

Drivers frequently choose high deductibles—$1,000 or $2,000—to reduce monthly premiums without carefully considering whether they could pay that amount if an accident occurred tomorrow. According to research on deductible selection, the most common deductible is $500 because it balances affordable premiums with manageable out-of-pocket costs.

Here’s the financial analysis: Increasing your deductible from $500 to $1,000 typically saves $100-200 per year in premiums. If you file a claim every five years on average, you save $500-1,000 over that period but pay an extra $500 out of pocket when you file the claim. The break-even point makes the higher deductible marginally beneficial financially, but only if you have $1,000 in emergency savings available.

The mistake compounds when drivers choose a $2,000 deductible to reduce monthly premiums, then cannot afford to repair their vehicle after an accident because they lack $2,000 in savings. They end up driving a damaged vehicle or taking out high-interest loans to cover the deductible, negating any premium savings.

Progressive’s Deductible Savings Bank feature addresses this problem by automatically reducing your deductible by $50 every six months if you remain claim-free. However, this benefit costs approximately $3 per six-month policy according to forum discussions, and you lose all accumulated savings if you file a claim, making its value debatable.

Mistake 4: Inadequate Documentation

When accidents occur, drivers with “full coverage” sometimes fail to document the scene properly, assuming their insurance will handle everything. This mistake can result in denied claims or reduced settlements. According to claims professionals, you should always:

Take photos of all vehicle damage from multiple angles, document the accident scene including skid marks and road conditions, photograph the other driver’s license plate and insurance card, obtain contact information from all witnesses, and call the police to file an official report even for minor accidents.

The mistake occurs when drivers trust the other party’s promises to “work it out without involving insurance” or when they fail to report accidents within the required timeframe. Most policies require prompt notification of accidents, typically within 24-72 hours. Delays in reporting can provide grounds for claim denial, especially if the insurance company argues they were prejudiced by the late notice and couldn’t investigate properly.

Mistake 5: Assuming Full Coverage Includes Everything

The most pervasive mistake is trusting that “full coverage” means comprehensive protection in all scenarios. According to research from multiple sources, full coverage insurance does NOT include:

  • Uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage in many states
  • Medical payments or personal injury protection unless state-mandated
  • Rental reimbursement
  • Roadside assistance
  • Gap insurance or loan/lease payoff coverage
  • Custom parts and equipment coverage beyond factory-installed features
  • New car replacement coverage
  • Mechanical breakdown insurance

Additionally, “full coverage” provides zero protection for intentional damage, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, using your vehicle for business purposes without commercial coverage, driving in organized races or timed competitions, normal wear and tear and mechanical failures, acts of war or government seizure, and damage from nuclear events.

Perhaps most importantly, “full coverage” does not eliminate your deductible obligation. Many drivers mistakenly believe comprehensive insurance means they pay nothing out of pocket. In reality, you must still pay your deductible—typically $250-1,000—before insurance covers the rest.

Do’s and Don’ts for Maximizing Your Coverage

Do’s: Smart Insurance Practices

Do review your coverage annually and after major life changes like buying a home, getting married, having children, or receiving a significant raise. Your insurance needs evolve as your financial situation changes, and coverage that was adequate five years ago may now leave you dangerously underinsured.

Do purchase uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage at limits equal to or greater than your liability coverage. Given that one in three drivers is inadequately insured, this coverage protects you in the most common scenario where another driver cannot pay for the harm they cause. This coverage is relatively inexpensive, typically adding $50-150 annually to your premium.

Do consider an umbrella policy if your net worth exceeds $500,000 or if you have significant future earning potential. Umbrella policies provide $1-2 million in additional liability coverage for just $150-400 per year, protecting your assets and future income from devastating lawsuits. This coverage extends across all your policies—home, auto, boat, etc.—providing seamless additional protection.

Do maintain an emergency fund sufficient to cover your deductibles. If you have $500 deductibles on both comprehensive and collision, keep at least $1,000 in an easily accessible savings account dedicated to potential insurance deductibles. This prevents the need to take high-interest loans or carry credit card balances if you must file a claim.

Do shop around every 2-3 years but evaluate total coverage, not just price. Insurance companies regularly adjust their pricing models, and the company that offered the best rate three years ago may no longer be competitive. However, selecting insurance based solely on price often results in inadequate coverage with problematic claims service. Compare identical coverage amounts across multiple insurers.

Do inform your insurance company immediately about changes in vehicle usage, household members, or driving circumstances. Adding a teen driver, starting a side business that involves driving, moving to a new address, or parking in a different location all affect your rates and coverage. Failing to disclose these changes can result in claim denials when the insurance company discovers the misrepresentation.

Do understand the claims process before you need it. Read your policy declarations page and understand what documentation you’ll need to file a claim. Know whether your policy requires you to get multiple repair estimates, whether you must use approved repair shops, and what your deductible obligations are. This preparation prevents confusion and delays during the stressful post-accident period.

Don’ts: Practices That Expose You to Risk

Don’t select insurance based solely on price. The cheapest policy often provides minimal coverage with poor claims service. According to J.D. Power research showing Progressive’s customer satisfaction scores lag behind competitors, Progressive falls below State Farm, GEICO, and Allstate in all 11 geographic regions they studied, particularly on trust, problem resolution, and people dimensions. Low prices sometimes correlate with problematic claims handling.

Don’t carry state minimum liability coverage unless you have no assets whatsoever and no future earning potential. State minimums exist as legal requirements, not as recommendations for adequate protection. According to research on inadequate coverage consequences, carrying only minimum coverage means you will be personally responsible for damages above your limits, potentially resulting in wage garnishment and asset seizure for decades.

Don’t assume your insurance follows you when driving other vehicles. While most personal auto policies provide some coverage when you drive borrowed vehicles, this coverage is typically limited and secondary to the vehicle owner’s insurance. According to policy exclusions, if you borrow a friend’s car and they don’t have proper insurance, your policy may not extend coverage.

Don’t use your personal vehicle for business purposes without appropriate coverage. This includes rideshare driving, food delivery, transportation of business materials, or visiting job sites. Commercial use exclusions are ironclad, and one business-related accident can result in complete claim denial and personal liability for all damages.

Don’t file claims for minor damage below or near your deductible amount. If you have a $500 deductible and $600 in damage, filing a claim saves you only $100 but creates a claim on your record that can increase premiums by far more than $100 over the next 3-5 years. Claims affect your insurance rates for typically three to five years, and even not-at-fault claims can impact pricing with some insurers.

Don’t drop comprehensive and collision coverage on vehicles worth more than $3,000-5,000. A common rule suggests eliminating these coverages once a vehicle reaches 8-10 years old or drops below $5,000 in value. However, if you cannot afford to replace the vehicle with cash, you need the coverage regardless of age. Losing a $4,000 vehicle you depend on for transportation can be just as financially devastating as losing a $40,000 vehicle.

Don’t forget to update your coverage when you pay off your loan. Once you no longer have a lien holder, you can drop loan/lease payoff coverage and potentially adjust your comprehensive and collision deductibles or drop these coverages entirely if the vehicle has minimal value. Conversely, when you finance a new vehicle, you must add these coverages immediately.

Pros and Cons of Progressive’s “Full Coverage” Approach

Pros: Advantages of Progressive Coverage

Competitive pricing with discount opportunities: Progressive frequently offers rates below the national average, particularly for drivers who qualify for multiple discounts. The company provides discounts for bundling policies (averaging 7 percent savings), signing documents online (up to 9 percent), good students, homeowners, and safe drivers. The Snapshot program, which monitors driving behavior, saves customers an average of $231 according to comparative research.

Flexible coverage customization: Progressive allows customers to build policies matching their specific needs rather than forcing package deals. You can select different deductibles for comprehensive versus collision, add only the optional coverages you want, and adjust limits independently. This flexibility prevents paying for coverage you don’t need while ensuring protection where it matters most.

Unique features not widely available: The Deductible Savings Bank, which reduces deductibles by $50 per claim-free policy period, is available only at Progressive. Pet injury coverage up to $1,000 as part of collision coverage distinguishes Progressive from competitors. Custom parts and equipment coverage protects modifications beyond factory specifications.

24/7 claims service and multiple contact methods: Progressive offers round-the-clock claims assistance through phone, mobile app, online portal, email, chat, and social media. This accessibility matters significantly when accidents occur outside normal business hours. The company processes claims quickly, typically issuing rental reimbursement within 24-48 hours after filing.

Strong financial stability: Progressive maintains excellent financial strength ratings from major rating agencies, indicating the company’s ability to pay claims even during major catastrophes or economic downturns. This stability means your claims will be paid regardless of external circumstances.

Cons: Disadvantages and Limitations

Customer satisfaction scores lag major competitors: According to J.D. Power 2025 research, Progressive consistently ranks below State Farm, GEICO, and Allstate across all geographic regions, falling furthest behind on trust, problem resolution, and people dimensions. Only 52 percent of customers are completely satisfied with Progressive’s customer service, according to U.S. News analysis.

Loan/lease payoff coverage limitations: Progressive’s version of gap insurance limits payouts to 25 percent of vehicle value and does not cover excess mileage fees, finance charges, or other lease-end charges. Traditional gap insurance sold by dealerships, while more expensive upfront, may provide more comprehensive protection. According to Reddit discussions from actual customers, claim representatives sometimes calculate the 25 percent limit incorrectly, requiring customers to escalate to supervisors.

Rate increases can be substantial: Progressive, like all insurers, has implemented significant rate increases in recent years. According to Reddit discussions, some customers report increases of 20-43 percent upon renewal even without claims or violations. One customer saw rates jump from $1,032 per six months in December 2024 to $1,232 in their July 2025 renewal—a 20 percent increase in just six months.

Online vs. agent pricing discrepancies: Progressive sells policies through multiple channels—directly online, via phone, and through independent agents. Prices can vary significantly between these channels, with agent-sold policies typically including commission fees. This inconsistency confuses consumers and makes price comparison difficult.

“Full coverage” marketing perpetuates misunderstanding: Like other insurers, Progressive uses the term “full coverage” in customer communications despite acknowledging it’s not an official insurance term. This marketing language reinforces the dangerous misconception that liability-comprehensive-collision packages provide complete protection, when significant gaps remain unless customers proactively add optional coverages.

What Happens When You Don’t Have Enough Coverage

The Personal Liability Cascade

When damages exceed your insurance limits, you face personal liability for the difference. According to legal research on judgment consequences, the insurance company only pays up to your coverage amount specified in the policy. The injured party can then sue you personally for additional damages.

If the court awards a judgment against you, enforcement mechanisms include wage garnishment (typically 10-25 percent of your take-home pay), bank account levies where creditors seize funds directly from your accounts, property liens that prevent you from selling assets until the judgment is satisfied, and seizure of non-exempt assets like vacation homes, investment properties, or luxury vehicles.

These collection efforts can continue for 10-20 years depending on state law, and judgments typically accrue interest at rates of 5-10 percent annually. A $100,000 judgment at 7 percent interest becomes $196,715 after ten years if unpaid. According to research on settlements and judgments, severe injury cases regularly result in judgments of $100,000 to several million dollars.

The psychological and financial stress of long-term debt collection devastates families. Many judgment debtors ultimately file for bankruptcy, but this does not eliminate all liability. Judgments for willful or malicious conduct typically survive bankruptcy, and even dischargeable judgments remain on credit reports for seven years, severely impacting your ability to obtain housing, employment, or credit.

Real Settlement Amounts

Understanding actual settlement amounts helps illustrate the inadequacy of minimum coverage. According to comprehensive research from multiple Georgia law firms, car accident settlements vary dramatically:

Minor injuries (whiplash, bruising, strains): $3,000-$25,000
Moderate injuries (broken bones, concussions): $25,000-$75,000
Severe injuries (surgeries, extensive therapy): $100,000-$500,000
Catastrophic injuries (paralysis, permanent disability): $1,000,000-$11,000,000

The national average bodily injury claim is approximately $23,900—nearly equal to the 25/50 state minimum per-person limit many states mandate. This means the average accident already exhausts minimum coverage, leaving drivers with state minimums personally liable for any damages above that amount.

For illustration, here are actual settlement examples from Georgia cases:

  • $11,000,000 for rear-end collision resulting in paralysis
  • $3,600,000 for drunk driving accident causing severe injuries
  • $2,250,000 for failure to maintain lane with severe injuries
  • $950,000 for illegal U-turn causing groin injury
  • $350,000 for neck fusion required after collision

A driver carrying only 50/100 liability coverage who causes the $350,000 neck fusion accident would face a $250,000 personal judgment—an amount that could financially devastate most families for decades.

The Uninsured Motorist Impact

When an uninsured or underinsured driver hits you, the financial burden shifts to your own resources unless you carry UM/UIM coverage. According to recent statistics, 15.4 percent of drivers are completely uninsured as of 2023, up from 11.16 percent in 2017. This dramatic increase means you have a one-in-six chance of being hit by an uninsured driver.

The geographic variation is stark. Washington, D.C. has the highest percentage of uninsured drivers at 25.2 percent, followed by New Mexico at 24.9 percent and Mississippi at 22.2 percent. Even states with the lowest rates—Wyoming at 5.9 percent, Utah at 6.2 percent, and Idaho at 6.4 percent—still have one in seventeen drivers operating without insurance.

Underinsured rates have increased even more dramatically. According to Insurance Research Council data, the UIM rate has risen significantly since 2020. Colorado and Georgia saw the highest increases, with states like Colorado showing 39.4 percent of drivers being underinsured, Georgia at 37.3 percent, Louisiana at 35.6 percent, and Kentucky at 32.0 percent.

When you combine uninsured and underinsured statistics, the IRC reported that 33.4 percent of drivers were either uninsured or underinsured in 2023—one in three drivers. This staggering statistic means that in any given three-car accident, odds are one driver cannot adequately pay for the harm they cause.

Understanding Policy Exclusions and Limitations

Absolute Exclusions That Void All Coverage

Certain behaviors completely void your insurance coverage regardless of the quality of your policy. According to research on insurance exclusions, these absolute exclusions include:

Intentional acts and fraudulent behavior: If you intentionally cause an accident or damage your vehicle deliberately, your insurance provides zero coverage. Similarly, fraudulent claims—exaggerating damage, claiming false injuries, or staging accidents—result in immediate claim denial, policy cancellation, and potential criminal prosecution.

Driving under the influence: Most policies explicitly exclude coverage for accidents caused while driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. If your blood alcohol content exceeds the legal limit or you test positive for illegal substances, your insurer may deny the entire claim, leaving you personally liable for all damages including injuries to others. Some insurers still provide minimal coverage to injured third parties but will subrogate against you to recover those payments.

Criminal acts and illegal activity: Coverage is void if you’re committing a crime at the time of the accident, including fleeing from police, evading arrest, or using your vehicle in the commission of a felony. Even serious traffic violations like excessive speeding (typically 25+ mph over the limit) or street racing can trigger exclusions.

War, nuclear events, and government action: Standard auto policies exclude damage from war, invasion, civil unrest, nuclear reaction, and government seizure. These exclusions exist because insurance pools cannot absorb catastrophic losses affecting huge percentages of policyholders simultaneously. Separate specialized coverage would be required for protection against these unlikely but devastating events.

Partial Exclusions and Limited Coverage Scenarios

Other situations result in partial coverage or reduced benefits rather than complete denial:

Mechanical breakdown and normal wear: Insurance covers sudden, unexpected losses but not predictable deterioration. Your comprehensive and collision coverage will not pay for engine failure, transmission problems, failed brakes (unless they cause an accident), worn tires, or any maintenance-related issues. Mechanical breakdown insurance, a separate product, covers these situations but costs significantly more.

Custom parts and aftermarket modifications: Standard policies typically cover only factory-installed equipment up to the vehicle’s actual cash value. If you’ve installed a $5,000 custom stereo system, $3,000 in performance modifications, or $2,000 in custom wheels, your insurer will not reimburse these costs unless you purchased separate custom parts and equipment coverage. Progressive offers this coverage as an optional add-on.

Damage to personal property inside the vehicle: Auto insurance typically covers the vehicle itself but not personal belongings inside it. If thieves break into your car and steal a laptop, camera, or jewelry, your auto comprehensive coverage usually excludes these items. Your homeowners or renters insurance typically covers personal property regardless of location, making that the appropriate coverage for items stolen from vehicles.

Diminished value: Even after proper repairs, a vehicle that’s been in an accident loses resale value due to its accident history. This “diminished value” can amount to 10-25 percent of the vehicle’s pre-accident worth. Most insurance policies do not automatically compensate for diminished value, though you may be able to recover this from the at-fault party’s insurance through a separate diminished value claim in some states.

The Real Cost of “Full Coverage” at Progressive

Average Costs by Coverage Level

Progressive’s pricing varies significantly based on coverage selections, driver characteristics, vehicle type, and location. According to Progressive’s published data, the average cost for a liability-only policy ranges from $87.56 per month in low-cost states to $165.02 per month in high-cost states for a six-month policy in 2024-2025.

Full coverage—defined as liability plus comprehensive and collision—costs substantially more. According to Bankrate’s analysis, the average cost of full coverage in the United States is $2,314 per year ($193 per month) in 2024, compared to $644 annually ($54 per month) for minimum coverage. This represents a 259 percent increase to add comprehensive and collision.

State-specific costs vary dramatically. According to 2025 cost data, the annual cost for full coverage has risen to $2,678 in 2025, compared to $2,543 in 2024. For someone earning the median household income of $74,580, that’s 3.6 percent of their entire income devoted solely to car insurance.

The most expensive states for full coverage include:

  • New York: $3,751 annually
  • Louisiana: $3,625 annually
  • Florida: $3,579 annually
  • Nevada: $2,997 annually
  • Michigan: $2,963 annually

The least expensive states for full coverage include:

  • Idaho: $1,339 annually
  • Vermont: $1,380 annually
  • Maine: $1,520 annually
  • Ohio: $1,529 annually
  • Washington: $1,574 annually

Cost Impact of Adding Optional Coverages

Each optional coverage adds incremental cost but provides critical protection. Based on industry averages and Progressive’s estimates:

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage: $50-200 annually, typically 5-10 percent of your base premium. The cost varies based on your liability limits since UM/UIM typically mirrors those amounts.

Medical Payments Coverage: $25-100 annually depending on limits selected. MedPay with $5,000 limits typically costs $25-50 annually, while $10,000 limits cost $50-100 annually.

Personal Injury Protection: $100-300 annually in states where it’s optional. In states where it’s mandatory, the cost is built into the base premium and non-negotiable.

Rental Reimbursement: $24-60 annually. According to Reddit customer reports, two-car coverage costs approximately $34 for six months ($68 annually), making it one of the cheapest optional coverages available.

Roadside Assistance: $30-80 annually. Progressive’s version costs less than AAA membership but may provide inferior service quality according to customer reports.

Loan/Lease Payoff Coverage: $40-100 annually depending on vehicle value. This coverage costs just a few dollars per month and cancels automatically once you own the vehicle outright.

Deductible Savings Bank: Approximately $6 annually ($3 per six-month policy). This minimal cost provides the benefit of incrementally reduced deductibles over time.

A truly comprehensive package that includes liability (100/300/100), comprehensive ($500 deductible), collision ($500 deductible), uninsured motorist (100/300), medical payments ($5,000), rental reimbursement ($50/day for 30 days), roadside assistance, and loan/lease payoff would typically cost $1,800-3,500 annually depending on driver age, location, vehicle, and driving history.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Progressive’s “full coverage” the same at every company?

No. “Full coverage” is not a standardized insurance product. Each company defines it differently, and the term has no official industry meaning. Progressive’s version typically means liability, comprehensive, and collision, but excludes many optional coverages.

Can I buy full coverage if I own my car outright?

Yes. You can purchase comprehensive and collision coverage even without a lender requirement. This choice makes financial sense if your vehicle is worth more than you can afford to replace with cash, typically meaning vehicles valued above $3,000-5,000.

Does full coverage protect me if someone else drives my car?

Maybe. Your coverage typically follows your vehicle, so if you give someone permission to drive and they cause an accident, your insurance is primary. However, if you loan your car to an excluded driver, coverage is completely void.

Will full coverage pay for my injuries if I cause an accident?

No. Liability coverage only pays for injuries you cause to others, never your own. You need Medical Payments or Personal Injury Protection to cover your own medical bills after accidents you cause. Health insurance may also apply.

Does Progressive’s loan/lease payoff work like gap insurance?

Partially. Both cover the gap between actual cash value and loan balance, but Progressive’s version limits payouts to 25 percent of vehicle value and excludes lease-end fees. Traditional gap insurance may provide more comprehensive protection for higher upfront cost.

Can I add rental reimbursement after an accident?

No. You can request coverage changes anytime, but they only apply to future incidents. According to Progressive’s rental FAQ, coverage typically takes 30 days to activate, preventing post-accident addition for current claims.

Is Progressive roadside assistance better than AAA?

No. Based on customer experiences, AAA provides superior service quality, shows up faster, and doesn’t report service calls to insurance companies. Progressive uses Agero as their provider, which receives mixed reviews for response times and capability in complex situations.

Does full coverage include towing?

No. Towing requires separate roadside assistance coverage. Even “full coverage” with liability, comprehensive, and collision provides zero towing benefits. You must specifically add roadside assistance or purchase AAA membership separately.

Will full coverage pay to replace my car with a brand new one?

No. Standard comprehensive and collision pay actual cash value, which accounts for depreciation. If you want a new replacement vehicle, you need separate new car replacement coverage, available from some insurers but not included in standard packages.

Can I have full coverage with state minimum liability?

Yes. You can purchase comprehensive and collision while carrying only your state’s minimum liability limits. However, this combination leaves you dangerously underinsured for injuries you cause to others while protecting your own vehicle. It’s poor coverage prioritization.

Does the Deductible Savings Bank really save money?

Maybe. The program costs $6 annually and reduces deductibles by $50 per six-month policy period. After three years claim-free, you’ve paid $18 and saved up to $300 in reduced deductibles, providing value only if you file a claim before switching insurers.

What happens if I can’t afford my deductible?

You must pay it. The insurance company will not process your claim until you pay the deductible. Some repair shops offer payment plans, or you may need to use savings, credit cards, or personal loans. This situation illustrates why emergency funds matter.

Is 100/300/100 liability coverage enough?

Maybe. It depends on your assets and income. If your net worth exceeds $300,000 or you have significant future earning potential, consider 250/500/250 or a $1-2 million umbrella policy. Legal judgments regularly exceed $100,000 for serious injuries.

Does full coverage work in other states when I travel?

Yes. Your coverage typically follows your vehicle across state lines. However, your policy automatically adjusts to meet the minimum requirements of the state you’re visiting if those minimums exceed your own coverage. Extended stay in another state may require policy adjustment.

Can weather damage be excluded from comprehensive?

No. Comprehensive coverage includes all covered perils; you cannot select only some. If you purchase comprehensive, it covers theft, vandalism, animal strikes, weather events, fire, and falling objects. You cannot exclude weather while keeping other comprehensive protections.